阿尔茨海默病(AD)的临床症状多样且以认知功能损害为主,给患者和家庭带来了巨大的精神压力和沉重的经济负担。目前尚无根治AD的药物,临床上常采用胆碱酯酶抑制剂和美金刚改善AD症状,但其疗效不一且安全性和成本效果性存在差异。为给患...阿尔茨海默病(AD)的临床症状多样且以认知功能损害为主,给患者和家庭带来了巨大的精神压力和沉重的经济负担。目前尚无根治AD的药物,临床上常采用胆碱酯酶抑制剂和美金刚改善AD症状,但其疗效不一且安全性和成本效果性存在差异。为给患者选择安全、有效、经济的用药方案,中国和英国分别在2018年更新发表了AD药物治疗相关的指南。中国发布《2018中国痴呆与认知障碍诊治指南(二):阿尔茨海默病诊治指南》在AD的诊断、药物治疗和临床疗效进行了阐述,英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所(NICE)发布的Donepezil,galantamine,rivastigmine and memantine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease进行AD常用治疗药物的临床效果和药物经济学方面的分析。本文重点比较两个指南在药物方面的异同之处,旨在为临床医生和基层医生开具AD治疗药物时提供更多参考。展开更多
Photo-immunotherapy is a novel therapeutic approach against malignant tumors with minimal invasiveness.Herein,a targeting multifunctional black phosphorus(BP)nanoparticle,modified by PEGylated hyaluronic acid(HA),was ...Photo-immunotherapy is a novel therapeutic approach against malignant tumors with minimal invasiveness.Herein,a targeting multifunctional black phosphorus(BP)nanoparticle,modified by PEGylated hyaluronic acid(HA),was designed for photothermal/photodynamic/photo-immunotherapy.In vitro and in vivo assays indicated that HA-BP nanoparticles possess excellent biocompatibility,stability,and sufficient therapeutic efficacy in the combined therapy of photothermal therapy(PTT)and photodynamic therapy(PDT)for cancer therapy.Moreover,the results of in vitro showed that HA-BP down-regulated the expression of CD206(M2 macrophage marker)by 42.3%and up-regulated the ratio of CD86(M1 macrophage marker)by 59.6%,indicating that HABP nanoparticles have functions in remodeling tumor associated macrophages(TAMs)phenotype(from protumor M2 TAMs to anti-tumor M1 macrophages).Fluorescence(FL)and photoacoustic(PA)multimodal imaging confirmed the selective accumulation of HA-BP in tumor site via both CD44^+mediated active targeting and passive EPR effect.In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that the combined therapy of PDT,PTT and immunotherapy using HA-BP could not only significantly inhibit original tumor but also induce immunogenic cell death(ICD)and release Damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs),which could induce maturation of dendritic cells(DCs)and activate effector cells that robustly evoke the antitumor immune responses for cancer treatment.This study expands the biomedical application of BP nanoparticles and displays the potential of modified BP as a multifunctional therapeutic platform for the future cancer therapy.展开更多
Patients with pancreatic cancer(PCa)have a poor prognosis apart from the few suitable for surgery.Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is a minimally invasive treatment modality whose efficacy and safety in treating unresectable ...Patients with pancreatic cancer(PCa)have a poor prognosis apart from the few suitable for surgery.Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is a minimally invasive treatment modality whose efficacy and safety in treating unresectable localized PCa have been corroborated in clinic.Yet,it suffers from certain limitations during clinical exploitation,including insufficient photosensitizers(PSs)delivery,tumor-oxygenation dependency,and treatment escape of aggressive tumors.To overcome these obstacles,an increasing number of researchers are currently on a quest to develop photosensitizer nanoparticles(NPs)by the use of a variety of nanocarrier systems to improve cellular uptake and biodistribution of photosensitizers.Encapsulation of PSs with NPs endows them significantly higher accumulation within PCa tumors due to the increased solubility and stability in blood circulation.A number of approaches have been explored to produce NPs co-delivering multi-agents affording PDT-based synergistic therapies for improved response rates and durability of response after treatment.This review provides an overview of available data regarding the design,methodology,and oncological outcome of the innovative NPs-based PDT of PCa.展开更多
Ischemic stroke continues to be a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Despite recent advances in the field of stroke medicine, thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator remains as t...Ischemic stroke continues to be a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Despite recent advances in the field of stroke medicine, thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator remains as the only pharmacological therapy for stroke patients. However, due to short therapeutic window(4.5 hours of stroke onset) and increased risk of hemorrhage beyond this point, each year globally less than 1% of stroke patients receive this therapy which necessitate the discovery of safe and efficacious therapeutics that can be used beyond the acute phase of stroke. Accumulating evidence indicates that endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs), equipped with an inherent capacity to migrate, proliferate and differentiate, may be one such therapeutics. However, the limited availability of EPCs in peripheral blood and early senescence of few isolated cells in culture conditions adversely affect their application as effective therapeutics. Given that much of the EPC-mediated reparative effects on neurovasculature is realized by a wide range of biologically active substances released by these cells, it is possible that EPC-secretome may serve as an important therapeutic after an ischemic stroke. In light of this assumption, this review paper firstly discusses the main constituents of EPC-secretome that may exert the beneficial effects of EPCs on neurovasculature, and then reviews the currently scant literature that focuses on its therapeutic capacity.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cyanoacrylate(CYA)injection can be performed using a standard upper endoscopy technique or under endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)guidance alone or in combination with coils.There is little information available o...BACKGROUND Cyanoacrylate(CYA)injection can be performed using a standard upper endoscopy technique or under endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)guidance alone or in combination with coils.There is little information available on the economic impact of these treatment methods.AIM To compare the cost-effectiveness of treating gastric varices by CYA injection via upper endoscopy vs coils plus CYA guided by EUS.METHODS This was an observational,descriptive,and retrospective study.Patients were allocated into two groups:A CYA group and coils plus CYA group.The baseline characteristics were compared,and a cost analysis was performed.RESULTS Overall,36 patients were included(19 in the CYA group and 17 in the coils+CYA group).All patients in the CYA group had acute bleeding.They underwent a higher mean number of procedures(1.47 vs 1,P=0.025),and the mean volume of glue used was 2.15 vs 1.65 mL,P=0.133.The coils+CYA group showed a higher technical success rate(100%vs 84.2%),with a complication rate similar to the CYA group.The majority of CYA patients required hospitalization,and although the mean total per procedure cost was lower(United States$1350.29 vs United States$2978),the mean total treatment cost was significantly different(United States$11060.89 for CYA vs United States$3007.13 for coils+CYA,P=0.03).CONCLUSION The use of EUS-guided coils plus cyanoacrylate is more cost-effective than cyanoacrylate injection when the total costs are evaluated.Larger,randomized trials are needed to validate the cost-effectiveness of the EUS-guided approach to treat gastric varices.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Intrauterine Adhesions (IUAs) or Asherman’s Syndrome (AS) usually contains symptoms such as decreased menstrual flow or even amenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, recurrent abortio...<strong>Background:</strong> Intrauterine Adhesions (IUAs) or Asherman’s Syndrome (AS) usually contains symptoms such as decreased menstrual flow or even amenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, recurrent abortion and infertility. The current treatment of IUAs includes hysteroscopic adhesiolysis, oral hormone and biological barriers, but each of them has limitation. Stem cell therapy may be an expanding field seeking for therapy in IUAs. <strong>Objective: </strong>We will discuss current advances in stem cell therapy as a treatment for endometrial pathophysiology. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> We search on PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library and select several keywords on researches, then review the cell biology theories and animal experiments, finally do meta-analysis in human clinical trials. <strong>Results: </strong>77 articles on PubMed, 71 articles on Embase and 17 articles on Cochrane Library, as a result, 37 articles are included under the criteria, which are intrauterine adhesions (IUAs), Asherman’s Syndrome (AS), cell therapy, stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, clinical trials, recent 10 years and human or animal experiments. The included criteria: original articles, cohort study, case control study, animal experiments, human clinical trials, high quality, 10 years recent. The excluded articles are case reports, meeting reports, low quality or more than 10 years ago. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Stem cell may be a new therapeutic schedule for IUAs in the future clinical treatment, but it is necessary to compare it with traditional therapy such as oral hormone, also the development of random clinical tests should proceed. For clinical treatment on IUAs, stem cells could be a new choice.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> <span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Chordoma is a rare bone tumor, which develops main...<strong>Introduction:</strong> <span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Chordoma is a rare bone tumor, which develops mainly from the sacrum, the base of the skull, or the spine. Surgery + radiotherapy (if necessary) is the standard treatment. Data on chordoma are scarce in this re</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gion, and thus, here we summarized 9 patients with this tumor whom we</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> treated in this institute. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Material: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nine chordoma patients were summarized, who were treated in National Institute of Oncology in Rabat between 2013 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and 2018. We retrieved data from medical charts and analyzed the clinical</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> characteristics of this tumor. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The average age was 49 years (range: 29 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- 72), with male: female of 3:6. The manifestation-diagnosis time was 4</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> months (range: 2 - 14). Regarding the tumor location, lumbosacral spine;5, the skull;4. Mass was evident in 6. Signs of locoregional compressions (paraparesis or tetraparesis) were observed in 3. As for treatment, a partial tumor excision was performed in 8, with 3 patients undergoing a wide excision. Radiotherapy was done;3 patients with a dose of 46 Gy, 3 patients with 66 Gy, 1 patient with 50 Gy, and 1 patient with a 16 Gy gamma radio-knife in a single session. 4 patients with a dose of 46 Gy, 2 patients with 60 Gy, and 1 patient with a 16 Gy gamma radio-knife in a single session. Of 9, 4 patients had good locoregional control whereas 5 patients had local recurrence. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Chordoma is a predominantly local aggressive tumor with low metastatic potential. The surgical excision remains the main prognostic factor. Advances in radiotherapy may improve local control. These data are of use in management of this tumor in Rabat (Morocco).</span></span></span></span>展开更多
Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland which can be associated with a number of complications both for the mother and the fetus. A 34-year-old pregnant woman with normal thyroid function was referred to our Dep...Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland which can be associated with a number of complications both for the mother and the fetus. A 34-year-old pregnant woman with normal thyroid function was referred to our Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Microcitemico Pediatric Hospital, Cagliari, for suspected fetal goiter at 32 gestational weeks. The case was monitored regularly by ultrasound and treated successfully with intra-amniotic levothyroxine (L-T4) administration. Fetal goiter was observed to decrease after this treatment and the thyroid ultrasound findings were also normal both at birth and in subsequent follow-ups. Our case report confirms the feasibility of conservative treatment with L-T4, which can effectively prevent complications related to fetal goiter.展开更多
The most common cause of admission to the Pediatric Dentistry service is dental pain, active deafness and an oppressive sensation that is sometimes<span> throbbing and burning. Pharmacotherapy in Pediatric ...The most common cause of admission to the Pediatric Dentistry service is dental pain, active deafness and an oppressive sensation that is sometimes<span> throbbing and burning. Pharmacotherapy in Pediatric Dentistry must be effective, safe, and rational in neonates, infants, and children. The pharmacotherapeutic follow-up of pediatric patients from Integral Clinic of the Odontopediatric Specialty</span><span> </span><span>(CLIO) and Kindergarten Clinic (CLIJANI), Autonom</span><span>ous University of Zacatecas</span><span> </span><span>(UAZ) was carried out. Through an observa</span><span>tion</span><span>al, exploratory, and cross-sectional study, 23 patients from the Pediatric Dentistry Specialty Clinic (CLIO/UAO/UAZ) and 35 clinical records of patients </span><span>from CLIJANI, from August 2019-2020, were analyzed.</span><span> </span><span>Prior authorization</span><span> for </span><span>the patient, an interview, and pharmacotherapeutic follow-up were per</span><span>formed, recording data on the indicated drug, the dose, and the schedule of use.</span><span> </span><span>On carrying out the interview on pharmacotherapy with the parents or guardians who accompany the patient, 91.3% of the pediatric patients were not administered pharmacological treatment. It was observed that there is no adequate adherence to the pharmacological treatment in pediatric patients</span><span>.</span>展开更多
Household wastewater is a source of pollution and can present health risks when discharged into the environment. Thus, samples of household wastewater from a few neighborhoods in Brazzaville were analyzed for microbio...Household wastewater is a source of pollution and can present health risks when discharged into the environment. Thus, samples of household wastewater from a few neighborhoods in Brazzaville were analyzed for microbiological quality. The various samples were cultured for isolation on solid media using conventional microbiological methods. The bacteria isolated were identified by the <i>Enterobacter</i> System gallery. Sensitivity tests were performed using the standard antibiotic susceptibility test by diffusion on Mueller Hinton medium. At the end of the analysis, 51 <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> were isolated and identified. They included: 8 (15.68%) <i>Escherichia coli</i>, 8 (15.68%) <i>Salmonella spp.</i>, 8 (15.68%) <i>Shigella spp.</i>, 8 (15.68%) <i>Klebsiella spp.</i>, 5 (9.80%) <i>Enterobacter aerogenes</i>, 8 (15.68%) <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i>, 3 (5.90%) <i>Arizona spp.</i>, 3 (5.90%) <i>Proteus spp</i>. The results obtained show that the bacteria tested showed total resistance to the following antibiotics: amoxicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, cloxacillin and nalidixic acid. On the other hand, imipenem, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, cefftriazone and kanamycin were the most active antibiotics with low levels of resistance. The low resistance rates observed for imipenem, cefotaxime, cefuroxime and cefftriazone show that these antibiotics can be used for the treatment of infections caused by household wastewater bacteria.展开更多
Photochemical reactions have an important place in photodynamic treatments. A good use of this therapeutic method requires a good mastery of the mechanisms of the reactions involved. Therefore, we have explored in thi...Photochemical reactions have an important place in photodynamic treatments. A good use of this therapeutic method requires a good mastery of the mechanisms of the reactions involved. Therefore, we have explored in this work the photosensitization mechanism of an organometallic complex of azopyridine <em>δ</em>-OsCl<sub>2</sub>(Azpy)<sub>2</sub> through a calculation with the method of Time Dependent Density Functional Theory TDDFT. First, we evaluated the effect of polar and non-polar solvents on the triplet and singlet excited states of this complex. Then secondly, we highlighted the photosensitization mechanism to understand how the complex acts over the diseased cells. These investigations have shown that the <em>δ</em>-OsCl<sub>2</sub>(Azpy)<sub>2</sub> complex is likely to develop photodynamic activity according to two mechanisms: on one hand, it can generate damage to DNA bases or target tissues indirectly through the production of singlet oxygen in water and in DMSO. On the second hand, through the production of the anionic superoxide radical <img src="Edit_a1e628d6-dcd2-41c6-bf3c-7e3cad491857.png" alt="" />in water can act directly or indirectly on these substrates. In addition, polar solvents are assumed to better carry out the photochemical reactions of this azopyridine complex of osmium.展开更多
Despite emerging contemporary biotechnological methods such as gene-and stem cell-based therapy,there are no clinically established therapeutic strategies for neural regeneration after spinal cord injury.Our previous ...Despite emerging contemporary biotechnological methods such as gene-and stem cell-based therapy,there are no clinically established therapeutic strategies for neural regeneration after spinal cord injury.Our previous studies have demonstrated that transplantation of genetically engineered human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells producing three recombinant therapeutic molecules,including vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF),and neural cell adhesion molecule(NCAM)can improve morpho-functional recovery of injured spinal cord in rats and mini-pigs.To investigate the efficacy of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells-mediated triple-gene therapy combined with epidural electrical stimulation in the treatment of spinal cord injury,in this study,rats with moderate spinal cord contusion injury were intrathecally infused with human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells expressing recombinant genes VEGF165,GDNF,NCAM1 at 4 hours after spinal cord injury.Three days after injury,epidural stimulations were given simultaneously above the lesion site at C5(to stimulate the cervical network related to forelimb functions)and below the lesion site at L2(to activate the central pattern generators)every other day for 4 weeks.Rats subjected to the combined treatment showed a limited functional improvement of the knee joint,high preservation of muscle fiber area in tibialis anterior muscle and increased H/M ratio in gastrocnemius muscle 30 days after spinal cord injury.However,beneficial cellular outcomes such as reduced apoptosis and increased sparing of the gray and white matters,and enhanced expression of heat shock and synaptic proteins were found in rats with spinal cord injury subjected to the combined epidural electrical stimulation with gene therapy.This study presents the first proof of principle study of combination of the multisite epidural electrical stimulation with ex vivo triple gene therapy(VEGF,GDNF and NCAM)for treatment of spinal cord injury in rat mode展开更多
Spinal cord injury has long been a prominent challenge in the trauma repair process. Spinal cord injury is a research hotspot by virtue of its difficulty to treat and its escalating morbidity. Furthermore, spinal cord...Spinal cord injury has long been a prominent challenge in the trauma repair process. Spinal cord injury is a research hotspot by virtue of its difficulty to treat and its escalating morbidity. Furthermore, spinal cord injury has a long period of disease progression and leads to complications that exert a lot of mental and economic pressure on patients. There are currently a large number of therapeutic strategies for treating spinal cord injury, which range from pharmacological and surgical methods to cell therapy and rehabilitation training. All of these strategies have positive effects in the course of spinal cord injury treatment. This review mainly discusses the problems regarding stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury, including the characteristics and action modes of all relevant cell types. Induced pluripotent stem cells, which represent a special kind of stem cell population, have gained impetus in cell therapy development because of a range of advantages. Induced pluripotent stem cells can be developed into the precursor cells of each neural cell type at the site of spinal cord injury, and have great potential for application in spinal cord injury therapy.展开更多
We previously demonstrated that gene-modified umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells overexpressing a combination of recombinant neurotrophic factors are a promising therapeutic approach for cell-mediated gene therapy...We previously demonstrated that gene-modified umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells overexpressing a combination of recombinant neurotrophic factors are a promising therapeutic approach for cell-mediated gene therapy for neurodegenerative diseases,neurotrauma,and stroke.In this study,using a mini pig model of spinal cord injury,we proposed for the first time the use of gene-modified leucoconcentrate prepared from peripheral blood in the plastic blood bag for personalized ex vivo gene therapy.Leucoconcentrate obtained from mini pig peripheral blood was transduced with a chimeric adenoviral vector(Ad5/35 F)that carried an enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)reporter gene in the plastic blood bag.The day after blood donation,the mini pigs were subjected to moderate SCI and four hours post-surgery they were intravenously autoinfused with gene-modified leucoconcentrate.A week after gene-modified leucoconcentrate therapy,fluorescent microscopy revealed EGFP-expressing leucocytes in spinal cord at the site of contusion injury.In the spleen the groups of EGFP-positive cells located in the lymphoid follicles were observed.In vitro flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy studies of the gene-modified leucoconcentrate samples also confirmed the production of EGFP by leucocytes.Thus,the efficacy of leucocytes transduction in the plastic blood bag and their migratory potential suggest their use for temporary production of recombinant biologically active molecules to correct certain pathological conditions.This paper presents a proof-of-concept of simple,safe and effective approach for personalized ex vivo gene therapy based on gene-modified leucoconcentrate autoinfusion.The animal protocols were approved by the Kazan State Medical University Animal Care and Use Committee(approval No.5)on May 27,2014.展开更多
Administration of platelet rich plasma(PRP) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate(BMAC) has shown some promise in the treatment of neurological conditions;however, there is limited information on combined administratio...Administration of platelet rich plasma(PRP) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate(BMAC) has shown some promise in the treatment of neurological conditions;however, there is limited information on combined administration. As such, the purpose of this study was to assess safety and functional outcomes for patients administered combined autologous PRP and BMAC for spinal cord injury(SCI). This retrospective case series included seven patients who received combined treatment of autologous PRP and BMAC via intravenous and intrathecal administration as salvage therapy for SCI. Patients were reviewed for adverse reactions and clinical outcomes using the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) for up to 1 year, as permitted by availability of follow-up data. Injury levels ranged from C3 through T11, and elapsed time between injury and salvage therapy ranged from 2.4 months to 6.2 years. Post-procedure complications were mild and rare, consisting only of self-limited headache and subjective memory impairment in one patient. Four patients experienced severe disability prior to PRP combined with BMAC injection, as evidenced by high(> 48/100) Oswestry Disability Index scores. Longitudinal Oswestry Disability Index scores for two patients with incomplete SCI at C6 and C7, both of whom had cervical spine injuries, demonstrated a decrease of 28–40% following salvage therapy, representing an improvement from severe to minimal disability. In conclusion, intrathecal/intravenous co-administration of PRP and BMAC resulted in no significant complications and may have had some clinical benefits. Larger clinical studies are needed to further test this method of treatment for patients with SCI who otherwise have limited meaningful treatment options. This study was reviewed and approved by the Ohio Health Institutional Review Board(IRB No. 1204946) on May 16, 2018.展开更多
With tremendous research advances in biomedical application,liquid metals(LM)also offer fantastic chemistry for synthesis of novel nano-composites.Herein,as a pioneering trial,litchi-shaped heterogeneous eutectic gall...With tremendous research advances in biomedical application,liquid metals(LM)also offer fantastic chemistry for synthesis of novel nano-composites.Herein,as a pioneering trial,litchi-shaped heterogeneous eutectic gallium indium-Au nanoparticles(EGaIn-Au NPs),served as effective radiosensitizer and photothermal agent for radio-photothermal cancer therapy,have been successfully prepared using in situ interfacial galvanic replacement reaction.The enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency and boosted radio-sensitization effect could be achieved with the reduction of Au nanodots onto the eutectic gallium indium(EGaIn)NPs surface.Most importantly,the growth of tumor could be effectively inhibited under the combined radio-photothermal therapy mediated by EGaIn-Au NPs.Inspired by this approach,in situ interfacial galvanic replacement reaction may open a novel strategy to fabricate LM-based nano-composite with advanced multi-functionalities.展开更多
Effective cancer treatment puts high demands for cancer theranostics.For cancer diagnostics,optical coherence tomography(OCT)technology(including photothermal optical coherence tomography(PT-OCT))has been widely inves...Effective cancer treatment puts high demands for cancer theranostics.For cancer diagnostics,optical coherence tomography(OCT)technology(including photothermal optical coherence tomography(PT-OCT))has been widely investigated since it induces changes in optical phase transitions in tissue through environmental changes(such as temperature change for PT-OCT).In this report,redox responsive nanoparticle encapsulating black phosphorus quantum dots was developed as a robust PT-OCT agent.Briefly,black phosphorus quantum dots(BPQDs)are incorporated into cysteine-based poly-(disulfide amide)(Cys-PDSA)to form stable and biodegradable nanoagent.The excellent photothermal feature allows BPQD/Cys-PDSA nanoparticles(NPs)as a novel contrast agent for high-resolution PT-OCT bioimaging.The Cys-PDSA can rapidly respond to glutathione and effectively release BPQDs and drugs in vitro and in vivo.And the obtained NPs exhibit excellent near-infrared(NIR)photothermal transduction efficiency and drug delivery capacity that can serve as novel therapeutic platform,with very low chemo drug dosage and side effects.Both of the polymer and BPQD are degradable,indicating this platform is a rare PT-OCT agent that is completely biodegradable.Overall,our research highlights a biodegradable and biocompatible black phosphorus-based nanoagent for both cancer diagnosis and therapy.展开更多
With the development of endoscopic therapy,argon plasma coagulation(APC)has been widely used by endoscopists.It has many advantages,such as simple to operate,low cost,and minimal invasiveness.Because of its capability...With the development of endoscopic therapy,argon plasma coagulation(APC)has been widely used by endoscopists.It has many advantages,such as simple to operate,low cost,and minimal invasiveness.Because of its capability of lesion ablation and hemostasis,APC has several indications in the gastrointestinal tract.One of them is esophageal varices.The aim of this review is to summarize the research on APC in this field to provide a reference for clinical practice.展开更多
文摘阿尔茨海默病(AD)的临床症状多样且以认知功能损害为主,给患者和家庭带来了巨大的精神压力和沉重的经济负担。目前尚无根治AD的药物,临床上常采用胆碱酯酶抑制剂和美金刚改善AD症状,但其疗效不一且安全性和成本效果性存在差异。为给患者选择安全、有效、经济的用药方案,中国和英国分别在2018年更新发表了AD药物治疗相关的指南。中国发布《2018中国痴呆与认知障碍诊治指南(二):阿尔茨海默病诊治指南》在AD的诊断、药物治疗和临床疗效进行了阐述,英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所(NICE)发布的Donepezil,galantamine,rivastigmine and memantine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease进行AD常用治疗药物的临床效果和药物经济学方面的分析。本文重点比较两个指南在药物方面的异同之处,旨在为临床医生和基层医生开具AD治疗药物时提供更多参考。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51773231)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2014A030312018,2016A030313315)the Project of Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province(2011A060901013).
文摘Photo-immunotherapy is a novel therapeutic approach against malignant tumors with minimal invasiveness.Herein,a targeting multifunctional black phosphorus(BP)nanoparticle,modified by PEGylated hyaluronic acid(HA),was designed for photothermal/photodynamic/photo-immunotherapy.In vitro and in vivo assays indicated that HA-BP nanoparticles possess excellent biocompatibility,stability,and sufficient therapeutic efficacy in the combined therapy of photothermal therapy(PTT)and photodynamic therapy(PDT)for cancer therapy.Moreover,the results of in vitro showed that HA-BP down-regulated the expression of CD206(M2 macrophage marker)by 42.3%and up-regulated the ratio of CD86(M1 macrophage marker)by 59.6%,indicating that HABP nanoparticles have functions in remodeling tumor associated macrophages(TAMs)phenotype(from protumor M2 TAMs to anti-tumor M1 macrophages).Fluorescence(FL)and photoacoustic(PA)multimodal imaging confirmed the selective accumulation of HA-BP in tumor site via both CD44^+mediated active targeting and passive EPR effect.In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that the combined therapy of PDT,PTT and immunotherapy using HA-BP could not only significantly inhibit original tumor but also induce immunogenic cell death(ICD)and release Damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs),which could induce maturation of dendritic cells(DCs)and activate effector cells that robustly evoke the antitumor immune responses for cancer treatment.This study expands the biomedical application of BP nanoparticles and displays the potential of modified BP as a multifunctional therapeutic platform for the future cancer therapy.
基金financially supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation,Haidian,original innovation joint fund(No.17L20170)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0201400)+3 种基金State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(No.81930047)Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC-PSF(No.31961143003)National Project for Research and Development of Major Scientific Instruments(No.81727803)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81421004).
文摘Patients with pancreatic cancer(PCa)have a poor prognosis apart from the few suitable for surgery.Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is a minimally invasive treatment modality whose efficacy and safety in treating unresectable localized PCa have been corroborated in clinic.Yet,it suffers from certain limitations during clinical exploitation,including insufficient photosensitizers(PSs)delivery,tumor-oxygenation dependency,and treatment escape of aggressive tumors.To overcome these obstacles,an increasing number of researchers are currently on a quest to develop photosensitizer nanoparticles(NPs)by the use of a variety of nanocarrier systems to improve cellular uptake and biodistribution of photosensitizers.Encapsulation of PSs with NPs endows them significantly higher accumulation within PCa tumors due to the increased solubility and stability in blood circulation.A number of approaches have been explored to produce NPs co-delivering multi-agents affording PDT-based synergistic therapies for improved response rates and durability of response after treatment.This review provides an overview of available data regarding the design,methodology,and oncological outcome of the innovative NPs-based PDT of PCa.
文摘Ischemic stroke continues to be a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Despite recent advances in the field of stroke medicine, thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator remains as the only pharmacological therapy for stroke patients. However, due to short therapeutic window(4.5 hours of stroke onset) and increased risk of hemorrhage beyond this point, each year globally less than 1% of stroke patients receive this therapy which necessitate the discovery of safe and efficacious therapeutics that can be used beyond the acute phase of stroke. Accumulating evidence indicates that endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs), equipped with an inherent capacity to migrate, proliferate and differentiate, may be one such therapeutics. However, the limited availability of EPCs in peripheral blood and early senescence of few isolated cells in culture conditions adversely affect their application as effective therapeutics. Given that much of the EPC-mediated reparative effects on neurovasculature is realized by a wide range of biologically active substances released by these cells, it is possible that EPC-secretome may serve as an important therapeutic after an ischemic stroke. In light of this assumption, this review paper firstly discusses the main constituents of EPC-secretome that may exert the beneficial effects of EPCs on neurovasculature, and then reviews the currently scant literature that focuses on its therapeutic capacity.
文摘BACKGROUND Cyanoacrylate(CYA)injection can be performed using a standard upper endoscopy technique or under endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)guidance alone or in combination with coils.There is little information available on the economic impact of these treatment methods.AIM To compare the cost-effectiveness of treating gastric varices by CYA injection via upper endoscopy vs coils plus CYA guided by EUS.METHODS This was an observational,descriptive,and retrospective study.Patients were allocated into two groups:A CYA group and coils plus CYA group.The baseline characteristics were compared,and a cost analysis was performed.RESULTS Overall,36 patients were included(19 in the CYA group and 17 in the coils+CYA group).All patients in the CYA group had acute bleeding.They underwent a higher mean number of procedures(1.47 vs 1,P=0.025),and the mean volume of glue used was 2.15 vs 1.65 mL,P=0.133.The coils+CYA group showed a higher technical success rate(100%vs 84.2%),with a complication rate similar to the CYA group.The majority of CYA patients required hospitalization,and although the mean total per procedure cost was lower(United States$1350.29 vs United States$2978),the mean total treatment cost was significantly different(United States$11060.89 for CYA vs United States$3007.13 for coils+CYA,P=0.03).CONCLUSION The use of EUS-guided coils plus cyanoacrylate is more cost-effective than cyanoacrylate injection when the total costs are evaluated.Larger,randomized trials are needed to validate the cost-effectiveness of the EUS-guided approach to treat gastric varices.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Intrauterine Adhesions (IUAs) or Asherman’s Syndrome (AS) usually contains symptoms such as decreased menstrual flow or even amenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, recurrent abortion and infertility. The current treatment of IUAs includes hysteroscopic adhesiolysis, oral hormone and biological barriers, but each of them has limitation. Stem cell therapy may be an expanding field seeking for therapy in IUAs. <strong>Objective: </strong>We will discuss current advances in stem cell therapy as a treatment for endometrial pathophysiology. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> We search on PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library and select several keywords on researches, then review the cell biology theories and animal experiments, finally do meta-analysis in human clinical trials. <strong>Results: </strong>77 articles on PubMed, 71 articles on Embase and 17 articles on Cochrane Library, as a result, 37 articles are included under the criteria, which are intrauterine adhesions (IUAs), Asherman’s Syndrome (AS), cell therapy, stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, clinical trials, recent 10 years and human or animal experiments. The included criteria: original articles, cohort study, case control study, animal experiments, human clinical trials, high quality, 10 years recent. The excluded articles are case reports, meeting reports, low quality or more than 10 years ago. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Stem cell may be a new therapeutic schedule for IUAs in the future clinical treatment, but it is necessary to compare it with traditional therapy such as oral hormone, also the development of random clinical tests should proceed. For clinical treatment on IUAs, stem cells could be a new choice.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> <span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Chordoma is a rare bone tumor, which develops mainly from the sacrum, the base of the skull, or the spine. Surgery + radiotherapy (if necessary) is the standard treatment. Data on chordoma are scarce in this re</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gion, and thus, here we summarized 9 patients with this tumor whom we</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> treated in this institute. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Material: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nine chordoma patients were summarized, who were treated in National Institute of Oncology in Rabat between 2013 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and 2018. We retrieved data from medical charts and analyzed the clinical</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> characteristics of this tumor. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The average age was 49 years (range: 29 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- 72), with male: female of 3:6. The manifestation-diagnosis time was 4</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> months (range: 2 - 14). Regarding the tumor location, lumbosacral spine;5, the skull;4. Mass was evident in 6. Signs of locoregional compressions (paraparesis or tetraparesis) were observed in 3. As for treatment, a partial tumor excision was performed in 8, with 3 patients undergoing a wide excision. Radiotherapy was done;3 patients with a dose of 46 Gy, 3 patients with 66 Gy, 1 patient with 50 Gy, and 1 patient with a 16 Gy gamma radio-knife in a single session. 4 patients with a dose of 46 Gy, 2 patients with 60 Gy, and 1 patient with a 16 Gy gamma radio-knife in a single session. Of 9, 4 patients had good locoregional control whereas 5 patients had local recurrence. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Chordoma is a predominantly local aggressive tumor with low metastatic potential. The surgical excision remains the main prognostic factor. Advances in radiotherapy may improve local control. These data are of use in management of this tumor in Rabat (Morocco).</span></span></span></span>
文摘Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland which can be associated with a number of complications both for the mother and the fetus. A 34-year-old pregnant woman with normal thyroid function was referred to our Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Microcitemico Pediatric Hospital, Cagliari, for suspected fetal goiter at 32 gestational weeks. The case was monitored regularly by ultrasound and treated successfully with intra-amniotic levothyroxine (L-T4) administration. Fetal goiter was observed to decrease after this treatment and the thyroid ultrasound findings were also normal both at birth and in subsequent follow-ups. Our case report confirms the feasibility of conservative treatment with L-T4, which can effectively prevent complications related to fetal goiter.
文摘The most common cause of admission to the Pediatric Dentistry service is dental pain, active deafness and an oppressive sensation that is sometimes<span> throbbing and burning. Pharmacotherapy in Pediatric Dentistry must be effective, safe, and rational in neonates, infants, and children. The pharmacotherapeutic follow-up of pediatric patients from Integral Clinic of the Odontopediatric Specialty</span><span> </span><span>(CLIO) and Kindergarten Clinic (CLIJANI), Autonom</span><span>ous University of Zacatecas</span><span> </span><span>(UAZ) was carried out. Through an observa</span><span>tion</span><span>al, exploratory, and cross-sectional study, 23 patients from the Pediatric Dentistry Specialty Clinic (CLIO/UAO/UAZ) and 35 clinical records of patients </span><span>from CLIJANI, from August 2019-2020, were analyzed.</span><span> </span><span>Prior authorization</span><span> for </span><span>the patient, an interview, and pharmacotherapeutic follow-up were per</span><span>formed, recording data on the indicated drug, the dose, and the schedule of use.</span><span> </span><span>On carrying out the interview on pharmacotherapy with the parents or guardians who accompany the patient, 91.3% of the pediatric patients were not administered pharmacological treatment. It was observed that there is no adequate adherence to the pharmacological treatment in pediatric patients</span><span>.</span>
文摘Household wastewater is a source of pollution and can present health risks when discharged into the environment. Thus, samples of household wastewater from a few neighborhoods in Brazzaville were analyzed for microbiological quality. The various samples were cultured for isolation on solid media using conventional microbiological methods. The bacteria isolated were identified by the <i>Enterobacter</i> System gallery. Sensitivity tests were performed using the standard antibiotic susceptibility test by diffusion on Mueller Hinton medium. At the end of the analysis, 51 <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> were isolated and identified. They included: 8 (15.68%) <i>Escherichia coli</i>, 8 (15.68%) <i>Salmonella spp.</i>, 8 (15.68%) <i>Shigella spp.</i>, 8 (15.68%) <i>Klebsiella spp.</i>, 5 (9.80%) <i>Enterobacter aerogenes</i>, 8 (15.68%) <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i>, 3 (5.90%) <i>Arizona spp.</i>, 3 (5.90%) <i>Proteus spp</i>. The results obtained show that the bacteria tested showed total resistance to the following antibiotics: amoxicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, cloxacillin and nalidixic acid. On the other hand, imipenem, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, cefftriazone and kanamycin were the most active antibiotics with low levels of resistance. The low resistance rates observed for imipenem, cefotaxime, cefuroxime and cefftriazone show that these antibiotics can be used for the treatment of infections caused by household wastewater bacteria.
文摘Photochemical reactions have an important place in photodynamic treatments. A good use of this therapeutic method requires a good mastery of the mechanisms of the reactions involved. Therefore, we have explored in this work the photosensitization mechanism of an organometallic complex of azopyridine <em>δ</em>-OsCl<sub>2</sub>(Azpy)<sub>2</sub> through a calculation with the method of Time Dependent Density Functional Theory TDDFT. First, we evaluated the effect of polar and non-polar solvents on the triplet and singlet excited states of this complex. Then secondly, we highlighted the photosensitization mechanism to understand how the complex acts over the diseased cells. These investigations have shown that the <em>δ</em>-OsCl<sub>2</sub>(Azpy)<sub>2</sub> complex is likely to develop photodynamic activity according to two mechanisms: on one hand, it can generate damage to DNA bases or target tissues indirectly through the production of singlet oxygen in water and in DMSO. On the second hand, through the production of the anionic superoxide radical <img src="Edit_a1e628d6-dcd2-41c6-bf3c-7e3cad491857.png" alt="" />in water can act directly or indirectly on these substrates. In addition, polar solvents are assumed to better carry out the photochemical reactions of this azopyridine complex of osmium.
基金supported by the grant of Russian Science Foundation,No.16-15-00010(to RRI)supported by the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University。
文摘Despite emerging contemporary biotechnological methods such as gene-and stem cell-based therapy,there are no clinically established therapeutic strategies for neural regeneration after spinal cord injury.Our previous studies have demonstrated that transplantation of genetically engineered human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells producing three recombinant therapeutic molecules,including vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF),and neural cell adhesion molecule(NCAM)can improve morpho-functional recovery of injured spinal cord in rats and mini-pigs.To investigate the efficacy of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells-mediated triple-gene therapy combined with epidural electrical stimulation in the treatment of spinal cord injury,in this study,rats with moderate spinal cord contusion injury were intrathecally infused with human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells expressing recombinant genes VEGF165,GDNF,NCAM1 at 4 hours after spinal cord injury.Three days after injury,epidural stimulations were given simultaneously above the lesion site at C5(to stimulate the cervical network related to forelimb functions)and below the lesion site at L2(to activate the central pattern generators)every other day for 4 weeks.Rats subjected to the combined treatment showed a limited functional improvement of the knee joint,high preservation of muscle fiber area in tibialis anterior muscle and increased H/M ratio in gastrocnemius muscle 30 days after spinal cord injury.However,beneficial cellular outcomes such as reduced apoptosis and increased sparing of the gray and white matters,and enhanced expression of heat shock and synaptic proteins were found in rats with spinal cord injury subjected to the combined epidural electrical stimulation with gene therapy.This study presents the first proof of principle study of combination of the multisite epidural electrical stimulation with ex vivo triple gene therapy(VEGF,GDNF and NCAM)for treatment of spinal cord injury in rat mode
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No. 2017YFA0104304 (to BW),2017YFA0205400 (to PPS),and 2017YFA0506000 (to PPS)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81571213 (to BW)+2 种基金the Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation of China,No. QRX17006 (to BW)the Nanjing Medical Science and Innovation Platform,No. ZDX16005 (to BW)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Plan of Jiangsu Province (2019)(to BW)。
文摘Spinal cord injury has long been a prominent challenge in the trauma repair process. Spinal cord injury is a research hotspot by virtue of its difficulty to treat and its escalating morbidity. Furthermore, spinal cord injury has a long period of disease progression and leads to complications that exert a lot of mental and economic pressure on patients. There are currently a large number of therapeutic strategies for treating spinal cord injury, which range from pharmacological and surgical methods to cell therapy and rehabilitation training. All of these strategies have positive effects in the course of spinal cord injury treatment. This review mainly discusses the problems regarding stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury, including the characteristics and action modes of all relevant cell types. Induced pluripotent stem cells, which represent a special kind of stem cell population, have gained impetus in cell therapy development because of a range of advantages. Induced pluripotent stem cells can be developed into the precursor cells of each neural cell type at the site of spinal cord injury, and have great potential for application in spinal cord injury therapy.
基金the Russian Science Foundation(No.16-15-00010to RRI)the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University。
文摘We previously demonstrated that gene-modified umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells overexpressing a combination of recombinant neurotrophic factors are a promising therapeutic approach for cell-mediated gene therapy for neurodegenerative diseases,neurotrauma,and stroke.In this study,using a mini pig model of spinal cord injury,we proposed for the first time the use of gene-modified leucoconcentrate prepared from peripheral blood in the plastic blood bag for personalized ex vivo gene therapy.Leucoconcentrate obtained from mini pig peripheral blood was transduced with a chimeric adenoviral vector(Ad5/35 F)that carried an enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)reporter gene in the plastic blood bag.The day after blood donation,the mini pigs were subjected to moderate SCI and four hours post-surgery they were intravenously autoinfused with gene-modified leucoconcentrate.A week after gene-modified leucoconcentrate therapy,fluorescent microscopy revealed EGFP-expressing leucocytes in spinal cord at the site of contusion injury.In the spleen the groups of EGFP-positive cells located in the lymphoid follicles were observed.In vitro flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy studies of the gene-modified leucoconcentrate samples also confirmed the production of EGFP by leucocytes.Thus,the efficacy of leucocytes transduction in the plastic blood bag and their migratory potential suggest their use for temporary production of recombinant biologically active molecules to correct certain pathological conditions.This paper presents a proof-of-concept of simple,safe and effective approach for personalized ex vivo gene therapy based on gene-modified leucoconcentrate autoinfusion.The animal protocols were approved by the Kazan State Medical University Animal Care and Use Committee(approval No.5)on May 27,2014.
文摘Administration of platelet rich plasma(PRP) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate(BMAC) has shown some promise in the treatment of neurological conditions;however, there is limited information on combined administration. As such, the purpose of this study was to assess safety and functional outcomes for patients administered combined autologous PRP and BMAC for spinal cord injury(SCI). This retrospective case series included seven patients who received combined treatment of autologous PRP and BMAC via intravenous and intrathecal administration as salvage therapy for SCI. Patients were reviewed for adverse reactions and clinical outcomes using the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) for up to 1 year, as permitted by availability of follow-up data. Injury levels ranged from C3 through T11, and elapsed time between injury and salvage therapy ranged from 2.4 months to 6.2 years. Post-procedure complications were mild and rare, consisting only of self-limited headache and subjective memory impairment in one patient. Four patients experienced severe disability prior to PRP combined with BMAC injection, as evidenced by high(> 48/100) Oswestry Disability Index scores. Longitudinal Oswestry Disability Index scores for two patients with incomplete SCI at C6 and C7, both of whom had cervical spine injuries, demonstrated a decrease of 28–40% following salvage therapy, representing an improvement from severe to minimal disability. In conclusion, intrathecal/intravenous co-administration of PRP and BMAC resulted in no significant complications and may have had some clinical benefits. Larger clinical studies are needed to further test this method of treatment for patients with SCI who otherwise have limited meaningful treatment options. This study was reviewed and approved by the Ohio Health Institutional Review Board(IRB No. 1204946) on May 16, 2018.
基金supported by grants of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.5197116,81671829).
文摘With tremendous research advances in biomedical application,liquid metals(LM)also offer fantastic chemistry for synthesis of novel nano-composites.Herein,as a pioneering trial,litchi-shaped heterogeneous eutectic gallium indium-Au nanoparticles(EGaIn-Au NPs),served as effective radiosensitizer and photothermal agent for radio-photothermal cancer therapy,have been successfully prepared using in situ interfacial galvanic replacement reaction.The enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency and boosted radio-sensitization effect could be achieved with the reduction of Au nanodots onto the eutectic gallium indium(EGaIn)NPs surface.Most importantly,the growth of tumor could be effectively inhibited under the combined radio-photothermal therapy mediated by EGaIn-Au NPs.Inspired by this approach,in situ interfacial galvanic replacement reaction may open a novel strategy to fabricate LM-based nano-composite with advanced multi-functionalities.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2018ZX10301402)International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51820105004)+3 种基金Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(2019050001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973243,11874021 and 61675072)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M663246)Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Re-search Team Program(2013S086 and 2016ZT06S029).
文摘Effective cancer treatment puts high demands for cancer theranostics.For cancer diagnostics,optical coherence tomography(OCT)technology(including photothermal optical coherence tomography(PT-OCT))has been widely investigated since it induces changes in optical phase transitions in tissue through environmental changes(such as temperature change for PT-OCT).In this report,redox responsive nanoparticle encapsulating black phosphorus quantum dots was developed as a robust PT-OCT agent.Briefly,black phosphorus quantum dots(BPQDs)are incorporated into cysteine-based poly-(disulfide amide)(Cys-PDSA)to form stable and biodegradable nanoagent.The excellent photothermal feature allows BPQD/Cys-PDSA nanoparticles(NPs)as a novel contrast agent for high-resolution PT-OCT bioimaging.The Cys-PDSA can rapidly respond to glutathione and effectively release BPQDs and drugs in vitro and in vivo.And the obtained NPs exhibit excellent near-infrared(NIR)photothermal transduction efficiency and drug delivery capacity that can serve as novel therapeutic platform,with very low chemo drug dosage and side effects.Both of the polymer and BPQD are degradable,indicating this platform is a rare PT-OCT agent that is completely biodegradable.Overall,our research highlights a biodegradable and biocompatible black phosphorus-based nanoagent for both cancer diagnosis and therapy.
文摘With the development of endoscopic therapy,argon plasma coagulation(APC)has been widely used by endoscopists.It has many advantages,such as simple to operate,low cost,and minimal invasiveness.Because of its capability of lesion ablation and hemostasis,APC has several indications in the gastrointestinal tract.One of them is esophageal varices.The aim of this review is to summarize the research on APC in this field to provide a reference for clinical practice.