针对耕地土壤Cd、Pb污染问题,选取3种提取剂(提取剂Ⅰ:1.0 mol/L NaOH;提取剂Ⅱ:0.1 mol/L NaOH+0.1 mol/L Na 4 P 2 O 7;提取剂Ⅲ:0.1 mol/L KOH+0.1 mol/L K 4P 2O 7)分别从5种物料中(风化褐煤、污泥、鸡粪、泥炭土、牛粪)中提取腐殖...针对耕地土壤Cd、Pb污染问题,选取3种提取剂(提取剂Ⅰ:1.0 mol/L NaOH;提取剂Ⅱ:0.1 mol/L NaOH+0.1 mol/L Na 4 P 2 O 7;提取剂Ⅲ:0.1 mol/L KOH+0.1 mol/L K 4P 2O 7)分别从5种物料中(风化褐煤、污泥、鸡粪、泥炭土、牛粪)中提取腐殖质(HS)淋洗去除土壤中的Cd、Pb。结果表明,不同提取剂及物料中提取出的HS性质差异大,其中风化褐煤提取的HS总有机碳(TOC)含量最高;不同HS淋洗对土壤pH的影响总体不大;用提取剂Ⅱ从风化褐煤中提取的HS(HMⅡ)对Cd的淋洗去除率最高(45.09%),用提取剂Ⅲ从风化褐煤中提取的HS(HMⅢ)对Pb的淋洗去除率最高(30.01%)。从Cd、Pb淋洗去除效率、淋洗后土壤结构变化以及耕地使用功能上综合考虑,HMⅢ更适合做土壤重金属污染修复淋洗剂。展开更多
The objective of this work was to verify the responses in agronomic and physiological characters of lettuce seedlings when submitted to different doses of humic acids and the presence or absence of inoculation of the ...The objective of this work was to verify the responses in agronomic and physiological characters of lettuce seedlings when submitted to different doses of humic acids and the presence or absence of inoculation of the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was carried out at the Protected Cultivation Station and Biological Control Teacher Mário César Lopes, belonging to the Experimental Stations Nucleus of the State University of the West of Paraná. The experimental design was a randomized block design, in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with four repetitions, totaling 40 plots. The first factor consisted of five solutions containing humic acid (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0%) and the second factor was the presence or absence of the diazotrophic bacterium Azospirillum brasilense obtained by commercial product. Germination tests were carried out in addition to the determination of agronomic characters such as the number of fully expanded leaves, plant height, stem diameter, main root length, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, and Dickson quality index. The association of diazotrophic bacteria and humic acids did not influence the emergency rate, mean emergence time, mean speed of emergency, emergence speed index, plant height, and root length of lettuce seedlings. The dilutions of humic acids, regardless of inoculation with bacteria diazotrophic favored the development of the number of leaves, stem diameter and Dickson quality index. Inoculation of lettuce seeds with diazotrophic bacteria associated with the addition of humic acids, favored the development of the dry mass of root and total dry matter.展开更多
添加生物质炭在增加土壤固碳的同时,对土壤腐殖物质组成及性质的影响是人们关注的问题.通过室内培养试验对土壤腐殖物质进行提取和分离,利用分光光度计测定了土壤胡敏酸(HA)及富里酸(FA)的光学性质,研究了不同热解温度及施用量下生...添加生物质炭在增加土壤固碳的同时,对土壤腐殖物质组成及性质的影响是人们关注的问题.通过室内培养试验对土壤腐殖物质进行提取和分离,利用分光光度计测定了土壤胡敏酸(HA)及富里酸(FA)的光学性质,研究了不同热解温度及施用量下生物质炭对土壤腐殖物质组成及结构的影响.结果表明:生物质炭中的类腐殖酸(LHS)含量随热解温度升高逐渐降低,但其结构趋向复杂化.与对照相比,低温(≤400℃)制备的生物质炭在培养期间增加了土壤 HA 含量,并随着添加比例的增加而增加,培养360 d 后,BC300和 BC400处理平均分别增加了69.93%和48.75%,且差异达到显著水平(P ﹤0.05); FA 含量在培养前期(240 d)也有所增加,但后期减少了土壤 FA 含量,培养360 d 后,BC300和 BC400处理平均分别减少了1.35%和5.19%,但差异并不显著(P ﹤0.05);高温(﹥400℃)制备的生物质炭在培养过程中主要降低了土壤 HA 和 FA 含量(仅在培养初期阶段引起土壤 HA、 FA 含量的短时间增加),至培养结束时,BC500处理平均分别减少了34.38%和44.48%,BC600处理平均分别减少了42.84%和49.27%,且差异均达到显著水平(P ﹤0.05).生物质炭输入显著增加了土壤胡敏素(Hu)的含量,其中以 BC500处理的增加效应最大.生物质炭输入增加了土壤 H/ F 比,提高了土壤 Hu 的相对含量,增加了土壤中相对稳定性碳的比例.高温制备(﹥400℃)的生物质炭培养结束时显著降低了土壤 HA 及 FA 的色调系数(△lgK)和 E4/ E6值,使土壤腐殖物质的结构复杂化,而低温制备的则相反.从提升有机碳的稳定性考虑,在黄土高原塿土地区,在500℃条件下制备生物质炭,既能保证最大程度的增加土壤稳定性有机碳库,又提高了土壤腐殖化程度,从而提高土壤质量.展开更多
文摘针对耕地土壤Cd、Pb污染问题,选取3种提取剂(提取剂Ⅰ:1.0 mol/L NaOH;提取剂Ⅱ:0.1 mol/L NaOH+0.1 mol/L Na 4 P 2 O 7;提取剂Ⅲ:0.1 mol/L KOH+0.1 mol/L K 4P 2O 7)分别从5种物料中(风化褐煤、污泥、鸡粪、泥炭土、牛粪)中提取腐殖质(HS)淋洗去除土壤中的Cd、Pb。结果表明,不同提取剂及物料中提取出的HS性质差异大,其中风化褐煤提取的HS总有机碳(TOC)含量最高;不同HS淋洗对土壤pH的影响总体不大;用提取剂Ⅱ从风化褐煤中提取的HS(HMⅡ)对Cd的淋洗去除率最高(45.09%),用提取剂Ⅲ从风化褐煤中提取的HS(HMⅢ)对Pb的淋洗去除率最高(30.01%)。从Cd、Pb淋洗去除效率、淋洗后土壤结构变化以及耕地使用功能上综合考虑,HMⅢ更适合做土壤重金属污染修复淋洗剂。
文摘The objective of this work was to verify the responses in agronomic and physiological characters of lettuce seedlings when submitted to different doses of humic acids and the presence or absence of inoculation of the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was carried out at the Protected Cultivation Station and Biological Control Teacher Mário César Lopes, belonging to the Experimental Stations Nucleus of the State University of the West of Paraná. The experimental design was a randomized block design, in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with four repetitions, totaling 40 plots. The first factor consisted of five solutions containing humic acid (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0%) and the second factor was the presence or absence of the diazotrophic bacterium Azospirillum brasilense obtained by commercial product. Germination tests were carried out in addition to the determination of agronomic characters such as the number of fully expanded leaves, plant height, stem diameter, main root length, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, and Dickson quality index. The association of diazotrophic bacteria and humic acids did not influence the emergency rate, mean emergence time, mean speed of emergency, emergence speed index, plant height, and root length of lettuce seedlings. The dilutions of humic acids, regardless of inoculation with bacteria diazotrophic favored the development of the number of leaves, stem diameter and Dickson quality index. Inoculation of lettuce seeds with diazotrophic bacteria associated with the addition of humic acids, favored the development of the dry mass of root and total dry matter.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41301320,41472159),the Open Fund of Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation&Environmental Protection(STKF201205),and the Doctoral Startup Fund of LinyiUniversity(LYDX2013BS070)
文摘添加生物质炭在增加土壤固碳的同时,对土壤腐殖物质组成及性质的影响是人们关注的问题.通过室内培养试验对土壤腐殖物质进行提取和分离,利用分光光度计测定了土壤胡敏酸(HA)及富里酸(FA)的光学性质,研究了不同热解温度及施用量下生物质炭对土壤腐殖物质组成及结构的影响.结果表明:生物质炭中的类腐殖酸(LHS)含量随热解温度升高逐渐降低,但其结构趋向复杂化.与对照相比,低温(≤400℃)制备的生物质炭在培养期间增加了土壤 HA 含量,并随着添加比例的增加而增加,培养360 d 后,BC300和 BC400处理平均分别增加了69.93%和48.75%,且差异达到显著水平(P ﹤0.05); FA 含量在培养前期(240 d)也有所增加,但后期减少了土壤 FA 含量,培养360 d 后,BC300和 BC400处理平均分别减少了1.35%和5.19%,但差异并不显著(P ﹤0.05);高温(﹥400℃)制备的生物质炭在培养过程中主要降低了土壤 HA 和 FA 含量(仅在培养初期阶段引起土壤 HA、 FA 含量的短时间增加),至培养结束时,BC500处理平均分别减少了34.38%和44.48%,BC600处理平均分别减少了42.84%和49.27%,且差异均达到显著水平(P ﹤0.05).生物质炭输入显著增加了土壤胡敏素(Hu)的含量,其中以 BC500处理的增加效应最大.生物质炭输入增加了土壤 H/ F 比,提高了土壤 Hu 的相对含量,增加了土壤中相对稳定性碳的比例.高温制备(﹥400℃)的生物质炭培养结束时显著降低了土壤 HA 及 FA 的色调系数(△lgK)和 E4/ E6值,使土壤腐殖物质的结构复杂化,而低温制备的则相反.从提升有机碳的稳定性考虑,在黄土高原塿土地区,在500℃条件下制备生物质炭,既能保证最大程度的增加土壤稳定性有机碳库,又提高了土壤腐殖化程度,从而提高土壤质量.