<strong>Background:</strong> Contraceptive use reduces the need for abortion by preventing unwanted pregnancies, and the causes of maternal death worldwide. Contraceptive use helps women to plan their preg...<strong>Background:</strong> Contraceptive use reduces the need for abortion by preventing unwanted pregnancies, and the causes of maternal death worldwide. Contraceptive use helps women to plan their pregnancies and contributes for population growth. This study aims to analyze the attitudes and knowledge of the women attending Van Norma Clinic for the use of contraceptive methods. <strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was used to analyze the information. A convenience sampling method has been used to select the 100 women who attended Van Norman Clinic in Family planning service in the period of the study of four months (April to July, 2020). A self-administered questionnaire with four parameters addressing importance of using contraceptive methods, the factors affecting the women’s attitudes for not using contraceptive methods, types of contraceptive methods currently used, advantages and disadvantages of using contraceptive methods was used to collect data. <strong>Results:</strong> Research findings show that the majority of respondents knew the importance of using contraceptive methods like preventing unwanted pregnancies (97%), spacing pregnancies (96%), planning pregnancies (92%), and getting well (70%). Two factors affecting women for not using contraceptive methods had been identified such as religion (73%) and fear (70%). In addition, the women attending Van Norman Clinic prefer using implants (99%) and injectable (99%). It is clear that women do not know the consequences related to the nonuse of contraceptive methods. Some recommendations have been made to the health care facilities, parents, women themselves, churches’ leaders and government in general. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Factors which influence women’s attitudes for not using contraceptive methods were notified in our study such as religion (73.0%) and fear (70.0%) which was explained by the fact that in Burundi most people are catholic which is the most religion prohibiting the use of contraceptive methods. However, the pa展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis-B (Hep-B) infection is a global public health problem of great concern which affects more than 5% of the local population in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed s...<strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis-B (Hep-B) infection is a global public health problem of great concern which affects more than 5% of the local population in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed students’ knowledge, attitude and practices towards Hepatitis B infection and vaccination at the University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ghana. <strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional quantitative descriptive survey was conducted among 262 Public Health students of the University of Health and Allied Science of the Volta region of Ghana, using a multi-stage sampling technique in selecting participants. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20.1. <strong>Results: </strong>Study respondents were mostly males, forming 69.8% as against 30.2% of their female counterparts. All (262) respondents had knowledge on Hep-B infection and the availability of a vaccine for preventing Hepatitis infection. However, despite their knowledge of existence, the majority (56.9%) of the respondents felt they did not need to be protected from Hep-B infection. Majority (58.8%) of the total respondents have been vaccinated against Hep-B infection. The study identified the cost of vaccines as a major setback to non-vaccination. However, out of the 41.2% respondents who were not vaccinated against Hep B infection, majority (50.9%) of them were not willing to be vaccinated even if it was offered to them at no cost. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There was a significantly high level of knowledge on Hep-B infection and the availability of vaccine for Hep-B infection among students. However, the majority of the respondents felt they did not need to be protected from Hep-B infection. More education is needed on the importance of vaccination as an effective measure for controlling Hepatitis infection.展开更多
Nowadays,quadcopters are presented in many life applications which require the performance of automatic takeoff,trajectory tracking,and automatic landing.Thus,researchers are aiming to enhance the performance of these...Nowadays,quadcopters are presented in many life applications which require the performance of automatic takeoff,trajectory tracking,and automatic landing.Thus,researchers are aiming to enhance the performance of these vehicles through low-cost sensing solutions and the design of executable and robust control techniques.Due to high nonlinearities,strong couplings and under-actuation,the control design process of a quadcopter is a rather challenging task.Therefore,the main objective of this work is demonstrated through two main aspects.The first is the design of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS)controller to develop the attitude and altitude of a quadcopter.The second is to create a systematic framework for implementing flight controllers in embedded systems.A suitable model of the quadcopter is also developed by taking into account aerodynamics effects.To show the effectiveness of the ANFIS approach,the performance of a well-trained ANFIS controller is compared to a classical proportional-derivative(PD)controller and a properly tuned fuzzy logic controller.The controllers are compared and tested under several different flight conditions including the capability to reject external disturbances.In the first stage,performance evaluation takes place in a nonlinear simulation environment.Then,the ANFIS-based controllers alongside attitude and position estimators,and precision landing algorithms are implemented for executions in a real-time autopilot.In precision landing systems,an IR-camera is used to detect an IR-beacon on the ground for precise positioning.Several flight tests of a quadcopter are conducted for results validation.Both simulations and experiments demonstrated superior results for quadcopter stability in different flight scenarios.展开更多
Community-based interventions in prevention and control of leptospirosis, have been uniformly unsuccessful. Individual counseling and health education play an important role in the prevention and control of the diseas...Community-based interventions in prevention and control of leptospirosis, have been uniformly unsuccessful. Individual counseling and health education play an important role in the prevention and control of the disease. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intervention on the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) score on leptospirosis among the army personnel after receiving a health education given. A validated questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitude and practice at pre- and post-intervention. A total of 188 army personnel from the two camps involved in this study with 94 respondents in control and intervention groups respectively. Leptospirosis Health Education Module (LHEM) was given to the intervention group. There was significant improvement in knowledge score before and after intervention done (mean difference = 24.25, 95% CI: 21.93, 26.56;p −14.13, 95% CI: −15.82, −12.45;p −0.72, 1.55;p > 0.05). For the intervention effect, the subjects in intervention group had significantly higher mean attitude score as compared to the subjects in control group (mean difference = −2.12, 95% CI: −2.99, −1.24;p −0.47, 1.98;p > 0.05). For the intervention effect regardless of time, the subjects in intervention group had significantly higher mean practice score as compared to the subjects in control group (mean difference = 4.16, 95% CI: 2.80, 5.52;p < 0.001). The leptospirosis health education module was found to cause improvement in KAP score in the intervention group.展开更多
This study creates and combines the general maneuver libraries for fixed-wing aircraft to implement tactical maneuvers.First,the generalized maneuver libraries are established by analyzing the characteristics of tacti...This study creates and combines the general maneuver libraries for fixed-wing aircraft to implement tactical maneuvers.First,the generalized maneuver libraries are established by analyzing the characteristics of tactical maneuvers required in battlefields.The 7th order polynomial is applied to both the creation of the maneuver libraries and the generation of the trajectories or flight paths for modal inputs.To track the desired trajectory,we design the Attitude Command Attitude Hold(ACAH)system and the Rate Command Rate Hold(RCRH)system using Model Following Controller(MFC).Moreover,the Line-of-Sight(LOS)guidance law is designed.In particular,the CONDUIT~?is employed to optimize the gains so that the control systems meet the aircraft Handling Qualities(HQ)criteria.Finally,flight simulations are performed for the longitudinal loop,immelmann-turn,and climb-slalom-descent maneuvers to verify that tactical aggressive maneuvers are realizable via the combination of maneuver libraries.This study can contribute to the development of flight techniques for aircraft tactical maneuvers and to the revision of air force operational manuals.展开更多
The purpose of the study was to evaluate Jamaican early childhood pre-service teachers’attitudes towards mathematics.The study is designed according to the quantitative survey model in the descriptive type.In this st...The purpose of the study was to evaluate Jamaican early childhood pre-service teachers’attitudes towards mathematics.The study is designed according to the quantitative survey model in the descriptive type.In this study,a modified version of the Fennema-Sherman mathematics attitude scale was used to measure the mathematics attitude of 144 early childhood pre-service teachers in four different categories of the attitude scale(mathematics usefulness,confidence in learning mathematics,mathematics anxiety,and mathematics motivation).The data were collected from participants in the five teachers’colleges that offer the early childhood education program in Jamaica.The findings revealed that Jamaican early childhood pre-service teachers generally have a more positive attitude towards mathematics.A comparison among the different year groups revealed that a significantly greater percentage of the Year two group of participants possessed a more positive mathematics attitude than the other year groups.A significantly higher percentage of the Year three group indicated that they do not want to teach the subject in the future.The findings have implications for the teaching and learning of mathematics in the early childhood education program in Jamaica and,by extension,the teaching and learning of mathematics at the early childhood level of the education system.展开更多
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Contraceptive use reduces the need for abortion by preventing unwanted pregnancies, and the causes of maternal death worldwide. Contraceptive use helps women to plan their pregnancies and contributes for population growth. This study aims to analyze the attitudes and knowledge of the women attending Van Norma Clinic for the use of contraceptive methods. <strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was used to analyze the information. A convenience sampling method has been used to select the 100 women who attended Van Norman Clinic in Family planning service in the period of the study of four months (April to July, 2020). A self-administered questionnaire with four parameters addressing importance of using contraceptive methods, the factors affecting the women’s attitudes for not using contraceptive methods, types of contraceptive methods currently used, advantages and disadvantages of using contraceptive methods was used to collect data. <strong>Results:</strong> Research findings show that the majority of respondents knew the importance of using contraceptive methods like preventing unwanted pregnancies (97%), spacing pregnancies (96%), planning pregnancies (92%), and getting well (70%). Two factors affecting women for not using contraceptive methods had been identified such as religion (73%) and fear (70%). In addition, the women attending Van Norman Clinic prefer using implants (99%) and injectable (99%). It is clear that women do not know the consequences related to the nonuse of contraceptive methods. Some recommendations have been made to the health care facilities, parents, women themselves, churches’ leaders and government in general. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Factors which influence women’s attitudes for not using contraceptive methods were notified in our study such as religion (73.0%) and fear (70.0%) which was explained by the fact that in Burundi most people are catholic which is the most religion prohibiting the use of contraceptive methods. However, the pa
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis-B (Hep-B) infection is a global public health problem of great concern which affects more than 5% of the local population in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed students’ knowledge, attitude and practices towards Hepatitis B infection and vaccination at the University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ghana. <strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional quantitative descriptive survey was conducted among 262 Public Health students of the University of Health and Allied Science of the Volta region of Ghana, using a multi-stage sampling technique in selecting participants. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20.1. <strong>Results: </strong>Study respondents were mostly males, forming 69.8% as against 30.2% of their female counterparts. All (262) respondents had knowledge on Hep-B infection and the availability of a vaccine for preventing Hepatitis infection. However, despite their knowledge of existence, the majority (56.9%) of the respondents felt they did not need to be protected from Hep-B infection. Majority (58.8%) of the total respondents have been vaccinated against Hep-B infection. The study identified the cost of vaccines as a major setback to non-vaccination. However, out of the 41.2% respondents who were not vaccinated against Hep B infection, majority (50.9%) of them were not willing to be vaccinated even if it was offered to them at no cost. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There was a significantly high level of knowledge on Hep-B infection and the availability of vaccine for Hep-B infection among students. However, the majority of the respondents felt they did not need to be protected from Hep-B infection. More education is needed on the importance of vaccination as an effective measure for controlling Hepatitis infection.
文摘Nowadays,quadcopters are presented in many life applications which require the performance of automatic takeoff,trajectory tracking,and automatic landing.Thus,researchers are aiming to enhance the performance of these vehicles through low-cost sensing solutions and the design of executable and robust control techniques.Due to high nonlinearities,strong couplings and under-actuation,the control design process of a quadcopter is a rather challenging task.Therefore,the main objective of this work is demonstrated through two main aspects.The first is the design of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS)controller to develop the attitude and altitude of a quadcopter.The second is to create a systematic framework for implementing flight controllers in embedded systems.A suitable model of the quadcopter is also developed by taking into account aerodynamics effects.To show the effectiveness of the ANFIS approach,the performance of a well-trained ANFIS controller is compared to a classical proportional-derivative(PD)controller and a properly tuned fuzzy logic controller.The controllers are compared and tested under several different flight conditions including the capability to reject external disturbances.In the first stage,performance evaluation takes place in a nonlinear simulation environment.Then,the ANFIS-based controllers alongside attitude and position estimators,and precision landing algorithms are implemented for executions in a real-time autopilot.In precision landing systems,an IR-camera is used to detect an IR-beacon on the ground for precise positioning.Several flight tests of a quadcopter are conducted for results validation.Both simulations and experiments demonstrated superior results for quadcopter stability in different flight scenarios.
文摘Community-based interventions in prevention and control of leptospirosis, have been uniformly unsuccessful. Individual counseling and health education play an important role in the prevention and control of the disease. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intervention on the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) score on leptospirosis among the army personnel after receiving a health education given. A validated questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitude and practice at pre- and post-intervention. A total of 188 army personnel from the two camps involved in this study with 94 respondents in control and intervention groups respectively. Leptospirosis Health Education Module (LHEM) was given to the intervention group. There was significant improvement in knowledge score before and after intervention done (mean difference = 24.25, 95% CI: 21.93, 26.56;p −14.13, 95% CI: −15.82, −12.45;p −0.72, 1.55;p > 0.05). For the intervention effect, the subjects in intervention group had significantly higher mean attitude score as compared to the subjects in control group (mean difference = −2.12, 95% CI: −2.99, −1.24;p −0.47, 1.98;p > 0.05). For the intervention effect regardless of time, the subjects in intervention group had significantly higher mean practice score as compared to the subjects in control group (mean difference = 4.16, 95% CI: 2.80, 5.52;p < 0.001). The leptospirosis health education module was found to cause improvement in KAP score in the intervention group.
基金High-Speed Compound Unmanned Rotorcraft(HCUR)research laboratory with the support of Agency for Defense Development(ADD).
文摘This study creates and combines the general maneuver libraries for fixed-wing aircraft to implement tactical maneuvers.First,the generalized maneuver libraries are established by analyzing the characteristics of tactical maneuvers required in battlefields.The 7th order polynomial is applied to both the creation of the maneuver libraries and the generation of the trajectories or flight paths for modal inputs.To track the desired trajectory,we design the Attitude Command Attitude Hold(ACAH)system and the Rate Command Rate Hold(RCRH)system using Model Following Controller(MFC).Moreover,the Line-of-Sight(LOS)guidance law is designed.In particular,the CONDUIT~?is employed to optimize the gains so that the control systems meet the aircraft Handling Qualities(HQ)criteria.Finally,flight simulations are performed for the longitudinal loop,immelmann-turn,and climb-slalom-descent maneuvers to verify that tactical aggressive maneuvers are realizable via the combination of maneuver libraries.This study can contribute to the development of flight techniques for aircraft tactical maneuvers and to the revision of air force operational manuals.
文摘The purpose of the study was to evaluate Jamaican early childhood pre-service teachers’attitudes towards mathematics.The study is designed according to the quantitative survey model in the descriptive type.In this study,a modified version of the Fennema-Sherman mathematics attitude scale was used to measure the mathematics attitude of 144 early childhood pre-service teachers in four different categories of the attitude scale(mathematics usefulness,confidence in learning mathematics,mathematics anxiety,and mathematics motivation).The data were collected from participants in the five teachers’colleges that offer the early childhood education program in Jamaica.The findings revealed that Jamaican early childhood pre-service teachers generally have a more positive attitude towards mathematics.A comparison among the different year groups revealed that a significantly greater percentage of the Year two group of participants possessed a more positive mathematics attitude than the other year groups.A significantly higher percentage of the Year three group indicated that they do not want to teach the subject in the future.The findings have implications for the teaching and learning of mathematics in the early childhood education program in Jamaica and,by extension,the teaching and learning of mathematics at the early childhood level of the education system.