摘要
自“超量恢复”学说问世以来,就遭到许多质疑。该学说缺乏扎实的基础实验数据的支持,没有给出人体运动能力的极限,没有显示出对不同能力和不同运动员机能能力提高的个体差异性,不能全面科学地解释运动能力的增长。“适应”理论以“应激”理论为基础、认为运动能力的提高是人体对外界环境(刺激)适应的结果。马德尔和诺依曼以“适应”理论为基础分别提出了“机能储备模型”和“改变一适应的时间动态”理论,强调了机体对不同能力的不同适应过程,突显了人体运动能力的极限,最佳训练效果应当在极限负荷之下获得,最大负荷并不一定必然获得最佳的训练效果。
The theory of over-training recovery has been under questioning ever since it was proposed because there are no solid and adequate experimental data to support it,no explanations for the limit of human body's physical ability and no indications of individual differences in improving functional abilities for different athletes of different abilities.Therefore it is not able to explain the improvement of physical ability thoroughly and scientifically.The theory of “adaptation” is based on the theory of “stimulus and response”,which believes that the improvement of physical ability is the outcome of adaptation of human body to the stimulus from the outer environment.Mader and Neumann proposed the theories of “functional reserve model”and “dynamic time of change and adaptation” respectively based on the theory of adaptation.Both emphasize on human body's different adaptation process according to its different ability and the limit of human body's physical ability,and they believe that best training result can only be obtained within the limited capacity and that maximum capacity does not necessarily bring out the best training result.
作者
陈小平
CHEN Xiao-ping (Department of Physical Education,Qinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《首都体育学院学报》
2004年第4期 3-7,共5页
Journal of Capital College of Physical Education
关键词
高校教育
体育教育
教育改革
Higher Education
Physical Education
Education Reform